Ptolemaic Kings > Ptolemy XI Soter II

Ptolemy XI Soter II

Background

Ptolemy IX LathyrosPharaoh from the Ptolemaic dynasty of EgyptPtolemyIX-StatueHead MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.pngPtolemaic King of EgyptPredecessorPtolemy VIII Physcon and Cleopatra III of EgyptSuccessorBerenice III of EgyptBornc. 143 – 142 BCDied81 BCWivesCleopatra IV of EgyptCleopatra Selene IIssuePtolemy XII (by Cleopatra IV)Berenice III (by Cleopatra Selene I)Full namePtolemy IX Soter IIDynastyPtolemaicFatherPtolemy VIII PhysconMotherCleopatra III of EgyptPtolemy IX Soter II[note 1] or Lathyros ("grass pea") (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ Λάθυρος, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr Láthuros) was king of Egypt three times, from 116 BC to 110 BC, 109 BC to 107 BC and 88 BC to 81 BC, with intervening periods ruled by his brother, Ptolemy X Alexander. At first he was chosen by his mother Cleopatra III to be her co-regent (his father Ptolemy VIII wished that she would rule with one of her sons), though she was more forced to choose him by the Alexandrians. He married his sister Cleopatra IV, but his mother pushed her out and replaced her with his younger sister Cleopatra Selene. Later, she claimed that he tried to kill her, and successfully deposed him, putting her favorite son Alexander on the throne as co-regent with her. However, she later grew tired of the now Ptolemy X and deposed him, putting Ptolemy IX back on the throne. She was soon murdered by Ptolemy X, who took the throne again. He was then killed in battle, and Ptolemy IX reigned until his own death.Silver tetradrachma of Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy IX. Soter II., 109 BCFragment of a stella of Ptolemy IX, 115 BC, from AswanHis daughter Berenice III took the throne after his death, and reigned for about a year. She was forced to marry her stepson Alexander, who reigned under the name Ptolemy XI Alexander II and had her killed nineteen days later.Ptolemy IX's name recalls that of his great Macedonian ancestor, Ptolemy I Soter; in older references and in younger ones by the German historian Huss, he may be numbered VIII.Ancestry[show]Ancestors of Ptolemy IX LathyrosNotesJump up ^ Numbering the Ptolemies is a modern invention; the Greeks distinguished them by epithet (nickname). The number given here is the present consensus, but there has been some disagreement in the nineteenth century about which of the later Ptolemies should be counted as reigning. Since older sources may give a number one higher or lower, epithets are the most reliable way of determining which Ptolemy is being referred to in any given case.External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to Ptolemy IX.Ptolemy Soter II at LacusCurtius — (Chapter XI of E. R Bevan's House of Ptolemy, 1923)Ptolemy IX Lathyrus entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. SmithPtolemy IX (Soter) at Thebes by Robert RitnerPtolemy IX LathyrosPtolemaic dynastyBorn: ca. 143 – 142 BC Died: 81 BCRegnal titlesPreceded byPtolemy VIIIPharaoh of Egypt116 BC-110 BCwith Cleopatra III and Cleopatra IVSucceeded byCleopatra III and Ptolemy XPreceded byCleopatra III and Ptolemy XPharaoh of Egypt110 BC-109 BCwith Cleopatra IIISucceeded byCleopatra III and Ptolemy XPreceded byBerenice III and Ptolemy XPharaoh of Egypt88 BC-81 BCSucceeded byBerenice III

Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt

King	Title	Meaning	Reign	Wife/Co-Ruler	Reign
Ptolemy I	Soter	Savior	305-285 BCE	Berenice I	Reign
Ptolemy II	Philadelphus	Sister-loving	285-246 BCE	Arsinoe I	Reign
Ptolemy III	Euergetes I	The Benefactor	246-221 BCE	Berenice II	Reign
Ptolemy IV	Philopater	Father-loving	221-204 BCE	Arsinoe III	Reign
Ptolemy V	Epiphanes	The Illustrious	204-180 BCE		Reign
Ptolemy VI	Philometor	Mother-loving	180-145 BCE	Cleopatra I Cleopatra II & Ptolemy VIII Ptolemy Eupator	180–176 BCE 170–163 BCE 153–150 BCE
Ptolemy VII	Neos Philopator	Father-loving	145 BCE	Cleopatra II	Reign
Ptolemy VIII	Euergetes II	The Benefactor	170–116 BCE	Cleopatra II	145–131/130 BCE
Cleopatra II			124–116 BCE
Ptolemy VIII	Euergetes II	The Benefactor	170–116 BCE	Cleopatra II	124–116 BCE
Ptolemy IX	Soter II	The Savior	116-107 BCE	Cleopatra III	107–101 BCE
Ptolemy X	Alexander I		107-88 BCE	Cleopatra III	107–101 BCE
Ptolemy IX	Soter II	The Savior	88-80 BCE
Ptolemy XI	Alexander II		80 BCE	Berenice III	80 BCE
Ptolemy XIII	Neos Dionysos/Auletes	New Dionysus/Flute Player	80–51 BCE	Berenice IV	58–55 BCE
Cleopatra VII			51-30 BCE		Reign
Ptolemy XIII Physcon	Dionysos		51-47 BCE		Reign
Ptolemy XIV	Philopator	Father-loving	47-44 BCE		Reign
Ptolemy XV	Caesarion	Little Caesar	44-30 BCE		Reign

Sources

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources