Satrapies > Satrapy of Pamphylia

Satrapy of Pamphylia

Background

Pamphylia (Παμφυλία)Ancient Region of AnatoliaNympheaum of Hadrian (Perge) 02.jpgRuins of the main street in Perga, capital of PamphyliaLocationSouthern AnatoliaState existed:-NationPamphylians, Pisidians, GreeksHistorical capitalsPerga, AttaleiaRoman provincePamphyliaLocation of Pamphylia in AnatoliaPamphylia (Greek: Παμφυλία, /pæmˈfɪliə/) was a former region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus (modern-day Antalya province, Turkey). It was bounded on the north by Pisidia and was therefore a country of small extent, having a coast-line of only about 120 km (75 miles) with a breadth of about 50 km (30 miles).[citation needed] Under the Roman administration the term Pamphylia was extended so as to include Pisidia and the whole tract up to the frontiers of Phrygia and Lycaonia, and in this wider sense it is employed by Ptolemy.Contents [hide] 1Name2Origins of the Pamphylians3History4Notable Pamphylians5Archaeological sites6See also7Notes8References9External linksNameThe name Pamphylia comes from the Greek Παμφυλία, itself from πάμφυλος (pamphylos), literally "of mingled tribes or races", a compound of πᾶν (pan), neuter of πᾶς (pas) "all" + φυλή (phylē), "race, tribe". Herodotus derived its etymology from a Dorian tribe, the Pamphyloi (Πάμφυλοι), who were said to have colonized the region. The tribe, in turn, was said to be named after Pamphylos (Greek: Πάμφυλος), son of Aigimios.Origins of the PamphyliansThe Pamphylians were a mixture of aboriginal inhabitants, immigrant Cilicians (Greek: Κίλικες) and Greeks who migrated there from Arcadia and the Peloponnese in the 12th century BC. The significance of the Greek contribution to the origin of the Pamphylians can be attested alike by tradition and archaeology and Pamphylia can be considered a Greek country from the early Iron Age until the early Middle Ages. There can be little doubt that the Pamphylians and Pisidians were the same people, though the former had received colonies from Greece and other lands, and from this cause, combined with the greater fertility of their territory, had become more civilized than their neighbours in the interior.[citation needed] But the distinction between the two seems to have been established at an early period. Herodotus, who does not mention the Pisidians, enumerates the Pamphylians among the nations of Asia Minor, while Ephorus mentions them both, correctly including the one among the nations on the coast, the other among those of the interior.[citation needed]A map showing Pamphylia's location within the Roman EmpirePhoto of a 15th-century map showing Pamphylia.Slinger standing left, triskelion to right. Reverse of a silver stater from Aspendos, Pamphylia.A number of scholars have distinguished in the Pamphylian dialect important isoglosses with both Arcadian and Cypriot (Arcadocypriot Greek) which allow them to be studied together with the group of dialects sometimes referred to as Achaean since it was settled not only by Achaean tribes but also colonists from other Greek-speaking regions, Dorians and Aeolians. The legend related by Herodotus and Strabo, which ascribed the origin of the Pamphylians to a colony led into their country by Amphilochus and Calchas after the Trojan War, is merely a characteristic myth.[citation needed]HistoryA treaty between the Hittite Great King Tudhaliya IV and his vassal, the king of Tarhuntassa, defined the latter's western border at the city "Parha" and the "Kastaraya River". The river is assumed to be the classical Kestros (Turkish Aksu Çayı); Parha, the future Perge. West of Parha were the "Lukka Lands". The Pamphylian language was likely a late Luwic dialect, related to Carian, Lycian, Lydian and/or Milyan.When the region returns to history its population is "Pamphylian", that is Greek-speaking. On Cyrus's defeat of Croesus, Pamphylia passed to the Persian Empire. Darius included it in his first tax-district alongside Lycia, Magnesia, Ionia, Aeolia, Mysia, and Caria. At some point 468-465 BCE, the Athenians under Cimon fought the Persians at the Eurymedon, and won; thus adding Pamphylia to their "Delian League" empire. Toward the end of the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians were weakened enough that the Persians were able to retake it.Upon Alexander's defeat of Darius III, Pamphylia passed back to Greek rule, now Macedonians. After the defeat of Antiochus III in 190 BC they were included among the provinces annexed by the Romans to the dominions of Eumenes of Pergamum; but somewhat later they joined with the Pisidians and Cilicians in piratical ravages, and Side became the chief centre and slave mart of these freebooters. Pamphylia was for a short time included in the dominions of Amyntas, king of Galatia, but after his death lapsed into a district of a Roman province.As of 1911 the district was largely peopled with recent settlers from Greece, Crete and the Balkans, a situation which changed considerably as a result of the disruptions attendant on the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the war between Greece and Turkey in the 1920s.[citation needed]Notable PamphyliansDiodorus of Aspendos, Pythagorean philosopher (4th century BC)Apollonius of Perga, astronomer, mathematician (c. 262 - c. 190 BC)Artemidorus of Perga, proxenos in Oropos (c. 240 -180 BC)Aetos (son of Apollonius) from Aspendos, Ptolemaic commander, founder of Arsinoe (Cilicia) (c. 238 BC)Mnaseas (son of Artemon) from Side, sculptor (end 3rd century BC)Orestas (son of Erymneus) from Aspendos, proxenos in Dreros (Crete), (end 3rd - beginning 2nd century BC)Thymilus of Aspendos, stadion (distance of 180–190 m) running race victor (winner) in Olympics 176 BC Apollonios (son of Koiranos) from Aspendos, Ptolemaic commander, proxenos in Lappa and Aptera (Crete) (1st half - 2nd century BC)Asclepiades (son of Myron) from Perga, physician honoured by the people of Seleucia (3rd - 2nd century BC)Plancia Magna from Perga, influential citizen, benefactress, high-priestess of Artemis (1st and 2nd century AD)Menodora (daughter of Megacles) from Sillyon, magistrate and benefactor (c. 2nd century AD)Zenon (son of Theodorus) from Aspendos, architect of the Aspendos theatre (2nd century AD)Apollonius of Aspendos (son of Apollonius), poet (2nd/early 3rd century AD)Aurelia Paulina from Perga, prominent noblewoman of Syrian origin, donator, high-priestess of Artemis (2nd and 3rd century AD)Probus from Side, martyr (died c. 304 AD)Philip of Side, historian (c. 380 - after 431)Matrona of Perge, saint, abbess of Constantinople, (late 5th - early 6th century AD)Antony I Kassymatas from Sillyon, patriarch of Constantinople (c. 780 - 837)Archaeological sitesAntalyaAspendosEtennaEurymedon Bridge at Aspendos, a Roman bridge which was reconstructed by the Seljuks and follows a zigzag course over the riverEurymedon Bridge at Selge, a Roman bridgePergaSideSillyonSee alsoMyth of ErPamphylian GreekNotesJump up ^ Παμφυλία, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on PerseusJump up ^ πάμφυλος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on PerseusJump up ^ πᾶς, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on PerseusJump up ^ φυλή, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on PerseusJump up ^ Herodotus, The Histories, 5.68Jump up ^ Πάμφυλος, William J. Slater, Lexicon to Pindar, on PerseusJump up ^ George Grote : A History of Greece. p. 286; Irad Malkin : Myth and Territory in the Spartan Mediterranean. Cambridge U Pr, 2003. p. 41.Jump up ^ Pamphylia, Encyclopædia BritannicaJump up ^ Ahmad Hasan Dani, Jean-Pierre Mohen, J. L. Lorenzo, and V. M. Masson, History of Humanity-Scientific and Cultural Development: From the Third Millennium to the Seventh Century B.C (Vol II), UNESCO, 1996, p.425Jump up ^ Arnold Hugh Martin Jones, The cities of the eastern Roman provinces, Clarendon Press, 1971, p.123Jump up ^ John D. Grainger, The cities of Pamphylia, Oxbow Books, 2009, p.27Jump up ^ A.-F. Christidis, A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p.427Jump up ^ G. Beckman (1996). Hittite diplomatic texts. Atlanta., no. 18CJump up ^ J. David Hawkins (2009). "The Arzawa letters in recent perspective". British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan. 14: 73–83., 75Jump up ^ Herodotus. Histories.Jump up ^ Jona Lendering - Livius.org, http://www.livius.org/articles/place/pamphylia/?Jump up ^ "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1015 (v. 1)". Ancientlibrary.com. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2013-09-03.Jump up ^ Die Fragmente Der Griechischen Historiker, Continued - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2013-09-03.Jump up ^ Epigr. tou Oropou 148Jump up ^ SEG 39:1426 - The Hellenistic Monarchies: Selected Papers Page 264 By Christian Habicht ISBN 0-472-11109-4Jump up ^ IK Side I 1Jump up ^ BCH 1936:280,1Jump up ^ "links to Greek and Latin Authors in the web". Attalus. Retrieved 2013-09-03.Jump up ^ SEG 23:573 R.S. Bagnall (1976) The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions outside Egypt, p. 124. Brill Archive.Jump up ^ Epigr.Anat. 11:104,5 Inscriptions for PhysiciansJump up ^ Elaine Fantham, Helene Peet Foley, Natalie Boymel Kampen, Sarah B. Pomeroy & H. Alan Shapiro (1995) Women in the Classical World: Image and Text, Oxford University PressJump up ^ Riet van Bremen: Women and Wealth Chapter 14, p. 223 in "Images of Women in Antiquity" Page 223 Editors Averil Cameron, Amélie Kuhrt ISBN 0-415-09095-4Jump up ^ "Aspendos Archaeological Project". Aspendosproject.com. Retrieved 2013-09-03.Jump up ^ IG VII 1773 - The Context of Ancient Drama Page 192 By Eric Csapo, William J. Slater ISBN 0-472-08275-2Jump up ^ "Internet Medieval Sourcebook". Fordham.edu. Retrieved 2013-09-03.ReferencesPublic Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "article name needed". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to Ancient Anatolia.Livius.org: PamphyliaAsia Minor Coins: Pamphylia ancient Greek and Roman coins from Pamphylia

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